Question

Membranous bag with hydrolytic enzymes which is used for controlling intracellular digestion of macromolecules is
(a) Endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Nucleosome
(c) Lysosome
(d) Phagosome

Answer 1

Hint Eukaryotic cells consist of membranous bound cell organelles with true sap and vacuoles. Every cell organ is specialized for different functions like synthesis, storage, transportation, digestion, etc.

Complete Answer:
Lysosomes are membranous bags containing hydrolyzing enzymes in the form of crystalline granules. The term lysosomes were coined by Navikoff in 1956. Lysosome consists of nearly 40 different types of hydrolytic enzymes. Important enzymes are acid phosphatases, sulfatases, proteases, nucleases, lipases, and glycosidases. These enzymes function in acidic medium therefore also called acid hydrolases. The lysosomal membrane prevents the enzyme from leaking into the cytoplasm. It digests food contents and performs intracellular digestion. Lysosomes of leukocyte work as a natural defense by protecting the cell from toxic substances. Abnormal release of lysosomal enzymes break chromosomes and cause mutations which lead to blood cancer. It is also called suicidal bags because of its autolytic role in cells, during autolysis lysosome broken down with the release of a hydrolytic enzyme, these enzymes digest its cell by which cell dies.

Additional information:
The lysosome is of four different types primary, secondary, residual bodies, and autophagic vacuoles. The primary lysosome is newly formed lysosomes which consist of the hydrolytic enzyme in granular form. Secondary lysosomes form by fusion with phagosomes. Secondary lysosomes also are known as digestive vacuoles. Residual lysosomes consist of indigestible food materials of secondary lysosomes, these residual bodies fuse with the plasma membrane to throw out waste material. Autophagic vacuoles produced by the fusion of several primary lysosomes around intracellular organelles. Autophagic vacuoles provide nutrition during starvation.

So, the correct answer is Lysosome.

Note: Golgi complex consists of Golgi vacuoles which are made up of the maturing face of the Golgi complex. Some of these vacuoles contain hydrolyzing enzymes and act as lysosomes.