Question

What Is the meaning of primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms?

Answer 1

Hint :Catenation is the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series, known as a chain, in chemistry. An open-chain compound is one in which the ends of a chain or ring are not linked to each other, whereas a closed-chain compound is one in which the ends are joined in a ring (a cyclic compound). The terms catenate and catenation come from the Latin word catena, which means "chain."

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Carbon, which makes covalent connections with other carbon atoms to build larger chains and structures, is the most easily catenated element. The occurrence of such a large number of organic compounds in nature is due to this. Catenation is one of carbon's most well-known characteristics, and organic chemistry is essentially the study of catenated carbon compounds (and known as catenae). In biochemistry, carbon chains incorporate different additional elements onto the backbone of carbon, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and biometals. Carbon, on the other hand, is far from the only element capable of creating such catenae; numerous other main-group elements may also generate a diverse spectrum of catenae. Organic chemists studying carbon chemistry have come up with a variety of abbreviations to express structures and occurrences that would normally take two sentences to explain. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary are the terms for carbon-containing functional groups. Carbons that are connected to another carbon are referred to as primary carbons. (Hydrogens are neglected in this nomenclature, despite the fact that they are generally three in number in this situation, as we will see.)
Secondary carbons are carbon atoms that are connected to two other carbon atoms.
Three additional carbons are connected to tertiary carbons.
Finally, four additional carbons are joined to form quaternary carbons.

Note :
The electronegativity of the element in issue, the molecular orbital n, and the capacity to form different kinds of covalent bonds are all steric and electronic aspects that impact catenation ability. The sigma overlap between nearby carbon atoms is sufficiently great to allow the formation of fully stable chains. In the past, despite abundance of evidence to the contrary, this was assumed to be exceedingly difficult with additional factors.