Question

Match the following:

A. VNTR	1. Largest gene
B. Introns and exons	2. DNA fingerprinting
C. Dystrophin	3. Bulk DNA
D. Satellite DNA	4. Splicing

(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
(b) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
(c) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
(d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Answer 1

Hint: The first column mentions the different sections of DNA in a genome and the second column mentions their significance or their role in gene expression. Different parts of a genome are useful to provide information about the cell it belongs to which can help in multiple cases like forensics, cloning, paternity testing, and so on.

Complete step by step answer:
- VNTR or a variable number tandem repeat is a location in the genome where a short nucleotide sequence is repeated in tandem. They are found on many chromosomes and show variability in their length, more specifically, the number of repeats. Each variant is an inherited allele. Hence, their analysis is useful in forensics, paternity testing, and DNA fingerprinting.
- Introns and exons (better known as exons) are nucleotide sequences in a gene. Introns are removed after transcription by splicing. Exons are the genes that are then expressed in the cell.
-The cytoskeleton of muscle fiber and the extracellular matrix are connected by the cytoplasmic protein complex called dystrophin. It is encoded by the DMD gene and is one of the largest genes known to man.
- Satellite DNA or sat-DNA is a highly repetitive length of DNA that contains short nucleotide sequences repeated multiple numbers of times. Because of the large number of repetitions, the composition of this section of DNA is different, and when centrifuged, forms a separate band. Hence, it is the bulk of the genome.
So, the correct answer is ‘A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3’.

Additional Information:
- Intron is also known as an intragenic region.
- There are four types of intron based on how they are spliced; introns in protein-coding genes are removed by spliceosomes, introns in tRNA genes are removed by proteins, self-splicing introns that require GTP, and self-splicing introns that do not require GTP.
- The DMD gene covers $0.08\%$ of the human genome.

Note:
- Most prokaryotes do not contain introns in their genome, hence, they do not undergo splicing.
- Lack of dystrophin is one of the main root causes of muscular dystrophy.
- Southern blot is used for determining particular VNTRs.