Question

What led the czar to call for the duma legislative assembly which had not been called for years?
A. The czar wanted to pacify the disillusioned Russian citizens after Russia lost to Japan.
B. The czar wanted to delegate legislative powers to the duma.
C. The czar wanted to be seen as the champion of the people.
D. None of the above.

Answer 1

Hint: A duma was a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The word comes from the Russian verb which means "to consider" or "to consider". The Duma, formally formed in 1905, was the state Duma introduced into the Russian Empire by Tsar Nicholas II. The Czar did a full veto to sack the State Duma at any time for the appropriate reason. The Czar rejected and elected the first Zuma within 75 days. A second duma within three months. It was dissolved in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. Since 1993, the state has been the lower legislative house of the Duma Russian Federation.

Complete answer: Historians has used the term Boys Duma to refer collectively to the Council of Boyers and Junior within the Russian Zardom. In 1711 Peter the Great transferred his functions to the Governing Senate. Contemporary sources always refer to "Boyers" or "Duma", but never to "Boyar Duma". Originally there were ten to twelve boys and five or six okolnichies. By 1613 the Duma had grown to twenty Boyars and eight Oconichians. Fewer nobles, "Duma gentlemen" and secretaries were added to the Duma and the number of Okolini increased in the late 17th century. By 1676, the number of Byers rose to 50 - by then they formed only a third of the Duma. In the reign of Alexander II, many reforms were made during the 1860s and 1870s. These included the creation of local political bodies, called zamstwoz. The owners of all households, tax-paying merchants, and workmen are enrolled in the lists in descending order according to their fixed money. The total assessment is then divided into three equal parts, with three groups of electors represented as very unequal in number, each of which selects equal representatives from the municipal duma. The executive is in the hands of an alternate mayor and a UP, with several members elected by the Duma. Under Alexander III, however, according to laws enacted in 1892 and 1894, municipal dumps were subordinate to governors in the same way as Zemstvos. In 1894, municipal institutions with still more restricted powers were granted in many cities in Siberia, and in 1895 in some Caucasians. Under the pressure of the 1905 Russian Revolution, on 6 August 1905, Sergei Vitté issued a manifesto regarding the convocation of the Duma, initially considered an advisory body. In the subsequent October Manifesto, Nicholas II promised to introduce basic civil liberties, for wider participation in the state Duma and endowed the Duma with legislative and monitoring powers. However, Nicholas II was determined to retain his autocratic power. Just before the creation of the Duma in May 1906, the Czar promulgated fundamental laws. It stated that the Czar ministers could not be appointed by the Duma, and thus were not responsible for denying the government responsibility at the executive level. Furthermore, the Czar had the power to dismiss the Duma and to announce new elections whenever he wanted. It was proposed at this first meeting of Duma members that political prisoners should be released, rights are given to trade unions, and land reforms introduced. Nicholas II rejected these suggestions and dissolved the assembly in July 1906.

So option B is the correct answer.

Note: The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly (Parliament) of Russia, the upper house is the Federation Council of Russia. Under the 1993 Constitution of Russia, the State Duma (Article 95) has 450 duties, each elected for a term of four years (Article 96) In late 2008 it was changed to a five-year term. In the previous elections of 1993, 1995, 1999, and 2003, half of the deputation was elected by the system of proportional representation, and one half was elected by the plurality in single-member districts. However, the 2007 Duma elections were conducted in a new format: all 450 deputies were elected by a system of proportional representation. Russian citizens are at least 21 years old, they are eligible to run for the Duma (Article 97).