Question

When the kidney is no longer held in place securely, the stage is called
(a) Nephrosis
(b) Nephritis
(c) Nephroptosis
(d) Diuresis

Answer 1

Hint: The kidney is a bean-shaped excretory organ located in the abdomen and held in place securely via a sheet of connective tissue encapsulating it. Usually, it remains undetected in many patients but surgery is the only way to treat it if pain worsens.

Complete answer:
Nephroptosis is an abnormal medical condition wherein the kidney descends from the abdomen where it is located to the pelvis region. The lack of required supporting connective tissue ‘perirenal fascia’ which surrounds the kidneys as well as suprarenal glands i.e adrenal gland is the primary reason for nephroptosis. This condition is also known as wandering kidney or floating kidney or in scientific terms ‘renal ptosis.’ Laparoscopic nephropexy is the surgery performed by urologists to secure the kidney in its normal position.

Additional Information: -Nephrosis is the degenerative disease where the cells of renal tubules are damaged either by an injury or cell death due to any toxic agents. It is one of the common causes of acute kidney failure in humans. Usually, the proximal kidney tubules are the one which gets targeted for degeneration.
-Nephritis is the condition of inflammation of kidneys and they are of various types based on the location or cause of the inflammation. Interstitial nephritis is a medical condition wherein the space between the kidney tubules are inflamed. If a bacterial invasion has induced inflammation in the kidney, then such type of nephritis is known as Pyelonephritis.
-Diuresis is a medical condition of high urine production in the body due to the high filtration rate of bodily fluids in the kidney. The causes range from medical conditions like diabetes to lifestyle factors or excess of pills which are prescribed for ailments like chronic kidney disease or high blood pressure.
So, the correct answer is ‘Nephroptosis.’

Note: -Interstitial nephritis may occur due to long-term usage of certain drugs like aspirin, Tylenol, etc. Hyperconcentration of calcium or uric acid in the blood may also induce inflammation.
-Bacteria in Pyelonephritis may have entered the body from the bladder, migrating into the ureters, and then entering each kidney lobes. The bacterial infection may be due to the formation of kidney stones or surgical procedures.