Question

Karyotaxonomy is the modern branch of classification which is based on:
a. Number of chromosomes
b. Bands found on chromosomes
c. Organic evolution
d. Trinomial nomenclature

Answer 1

Hint: The taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying the organism including plants, animals and microorganisms. Depending on their features such as morphology, genetic and biochemical composition and behavioral characters these organisms are arranged into various classifications.

Complete answer:
The taxonomy is the science of classifying the various organisms depending on their morphology and genetic composition in various groups. The karyotaxonomy is the branch of taxonomy which is based on the structure of the nucleus. In Karyotaxonomy, the organisms are placed in various groups depending on the properties of the nucleus they possess. This system of classification uses a number of chromosomes, structure of chromosomes, shape and size as the basic attributes to distinguish various chromosomes.

The bands found on chromosomes are the regions of chromosomes which are obtained as dark and light colored after treating it with a specific dye. A band in chromosome refers to the part of the chromosome which can be easily distinguished from its adjacent segments by appearing darker or lighter. The banding patterns are used to detect the chromosomal abnormalities and rearrangements caused due to genetic disorders. Banding patterns of chromosomes also play a major role in study of evolution.

Organic evolution is the change in the genetic composition of the organism over a course of time due to environmental changes. It is believed to be the cause of generation of diversity among organisms. Organic evolution is the change in the composition, habitat, behavior etc. among organisms in a biodiversity. It has caused the evolution of organisms from simplest form to more complex ones.

Trinomial nomenclature was given by Huxley and Strickland. It refers to the names for taxa below the rank of species. In this type of nomenclature, the name has three parts which are used differently in zoology and botany. In zoology, the first part refers to the genus, the second part to the species and the third part of the name is used to specify the subspecies of the organism. In contrast, the botany uses the third part of the name to specify the subspecies, sub-variety or sub-forma of the given organism.

Therefore, after a brief discussion about all the options, we here conclude that the correct answer for the given question is option a that is the number of chromosomes.
Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: The karyotyping (the arrangement of chromosomes in serial wise) is used to study the chromosomes, which is used to study the morphology and also indicates the chromosomal aberrations that are caused due to mutation or maybe due to malfunctioning of the cell. This technique is very useful in detecting the genetic diseases that can run through the progeny if left untreated.