Question

Is hydrochloric acid ($HCl$) a strong acid or a weak acid? Does it dissociate completely or partially?

Answer 1

Hint: The chemical formula of hydrogen chloride ($HCl$) is one of the most essential components in chemistry. It behaves as a gas at normal temperature. Water, methanol, ethanol, and ether are all soluble in it. The \[pka\] value, which is inversely related to the $ka$ value, can be used to distinguish acids and bases. The dissociation constant is given by the ka value. When the \[pka\] value is low, the $ka$ value is high, and the acid is powerful.

Complete answer:
A strong acid is one that completely dissociates in water. That is, all acid molecules break into ions, which then solve (bind) to water molecules. As a result, the concentration of hydronium ions in a heavy acid solution is equal to the acid concentration.
$HCl$ is a strong acid that completely dissociates. A weak acid, such as acetic acid ($C{H_3}COOH$), does not dissociate well in water; some ${H^ + }$ ions stay trapped inside the molecule. In other words, the stronger the acid, the more ${H^ + }$ ions are discharged into the solution.
Hydrochloric acid dissociates as follows:
\[HCl(g) + {H_2}O(l) \rightleftharpoons {H_3}{O^ + } + C{l^ - }\]

Note:
The strength of the H-A bond determines the acidic strength. The lower the bond's strength, the less energy is required to break it. As a result, the acid is strong. The acid strength of the $H - A$ bond is affected by its polarity. The proton tends to leave the molecule more easily when the connection is strongly polar, making it a strong acid.