Question

In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?

Answer 1

Hint: In a representative democracy, there are two types of organisations. The first one is statutory/institutional organisations which are established by the laws of the State and are authorised to carry out functions of the State. Examples of these kinds of organisations are the legislature, executive, judiciary and such. The second one is non-statutory organisations which are formed by people for various purposes but are not vested authority by the State. Examples of these would be political parties, interest groups, pressure groups, etc. When many people, large or small, with a common social, cultural, trade of business or other such interests organise themselves to exert pressure on the government, a pressure group is formed.

Complete answer: Pressure groups do not participate in electoral politics and neither do they have a role in the governance of the State. Their responsibility is to serve as a link between the government and the people to keep the government or the representatives informed of the wishes and demands of the people. They provide an alternate source of advice other than the civil servants, about a specific need of the people. To exert their influence, pressure groups may invest in lobbying representatives via letters, petitions, appeals, etc. They also fundraise and participate in election campaigns to further their cause and interest in the Parliament. Sometimes they also demonstrate in the forms of protest and strikes if certain laws or orders harm their interests.

Note: Although the terms interest group and pressure group are used synonymously, there is a clear distinction between the two.