Question

In the diagram, which of the following processes is shown in amoeba?

A) Exocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Pinocytosis
D) Apoptosis

Answer 1

Hint: Amoebae are eukaryotes whose bodies consist of a single cell most frequently. Within a cell membrane, their cytoplasm and cellular contents are enclosed. In a central cellular compartment called the nucleus, their DNA is packaged. Amoebae do not contain mitochondria and produce ATP solely through anaerobic means. They engulf the food particles with the help of Pseudopodia.

Complete answer:
Amoebae are not a separate taxonomic group and are defined on the basis of their "amoeboid" movement rather than distinct morphological features. In addition, even members of the same species can seem dissimilar. All major eukaryotic lineages, including fungi, algae, and even birds, will find Amebae species.

Nutrition in an Amoeba occurs through a phagocytosis process where the entire organism almost swallows up the food it plans to eat. Holozoic nutrition is known as the mode of nutrition in amoeba. It includes food material intake, digestion and egestion. There are no specialised nutritional organs for Amoeba. With the assistance of pseudopodia, the entire process is carried through the body surface.

Phagocytosis is a process by which other cells or particles are ingested or engulfed by certain living cells called phagocytes. The phagocyte may be a single-celled, free-living organism, such as an amoeba, or a white blood cell, such as one of the cells of the body. Phagocytosis is a feeding method in some types of organisms, such as amoebas and sponges. Phagocytosis is primarily a defensive reaction against infection and invasion of the body by foreign substances in larger animals. The Answer is Option B – Phagocytosis

Exocytosis- This process takes place when the cell produces substances like proteins, enzymes for transport.
Pinocytosis- In this process the liquid is ingested by the organisms. It is also called cell drinking.
Apoptosis- It means programmed cell death.

Thus the correct answer is option ‘B’.

Note: Phagocytosis is called the process by which cells engulf solid matter. In phagocytosis, there are four vital elements: (1) the plasma membrane traps the food particle, (2) a vacuole is formed within the cell to constitute the food particle, (3) the lysosomes fuse with the food vacuole, and (4) the food particle is digested by lysosome enzymes.