In five kingdom classification, land plants are classified under
A. Bryophyta and Pteridophyta
B. Bryophyta and Tracheophyta
C. Embryophyta and Spermatophyta
D. Both B and C
Answer
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Hint: The five-kingdom classification was proposed by H. Whittaker. The finding of archaebacteria complicates the five-kingdom system of classification of living organisms, including the prokaryotic Monera and the eukaryotic Protists, Fungi , Plantae and Animalia.
Complete answer:
Bryophyta: Bryophyte, a common name for any seedless non-vascular herb, including any of the mosses, hornworts and liverworts. Most bryophytes lack complex organisation of tissue, but in shape and ecology they show considerable diversity. Compared with other seed-bearing plants, they are widely distributed across the world and are relatively small.
Pteridophyta A pteridophyte is a xylem-phloem vascular plant that disperses spores. Since neither flowers nor seeds are produced by pteridophytes, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction are concealed. All the pteridophytes are ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes. However, since ferns are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes, they do not form a monophyletic group.
Tracheophyta Tracheophyte, one of the vascular plants, members of the division, or phylum, Tracheophyta, numbering some 260,000 species today and containing many of the Earth's conspicuous flora. Tracheophyte, meaning "tracheid plant," refers to water-conducting cells that display spiral bands such as those of insects in the walls of tracheae, or air tubes.
Embryophyta The green plant community is divided into embryophytes. Hornworts, liverworts, mosses, ferns, lycophytes, gymnosperms, and flowering plants are included, and Charophyte green algae have appeared. These plants have embryos in the tissues of the mother. They are advanced eukaryotes, multicellular, with specialised reproductive organs. They live mainly in terrestrial environments, while the associated green algae are mainly marine, so they are referred to informally as land plants.
Spermatophyta The seed plants of the Spermatophyta division are the most prevalent plants on earth today. Examples of now extinct tree ferns that had seeds are in the fossil record, suggesting seed plants possibly evolved from ferns. Via spores, which are single-celled zygotes with a tough cell wall, seedless plants reproduce. Seed plants reproduce through seeds, which are multicellular structures with an embryonic plant encompassing a tough exterior tissue.
Hence, the correct answer is (D).
Note:
Some scientists do not accept that there should be algae and protozoa included in the same kingdom. Protozoa are placed into a sub-kingdom of the Animal Kingdom in some classification schemes. Accepted classification schemes have changed at a much faster rate than it has taken the organisms to evolve.
Complete answer:
Bryophyta: Bryophyte, a common name for any seedless non-vascular herb, including any of the mosses, hornworts and liverworts. Most bryophytes lack complex organisation of tissue, but in shape and ecology they show considerable diversity. Compared with other seed-bearing plants, they are widely distributed across the world and are relatively small.
Pteridophyta A pteridophyte is a xylem-phloem vascular plant that disperses spores. Since neither flowers nor seeds are produced by pteridophytes, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction are concealed. All the pteridophytes are ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes. However, since ferns are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes, they do not form a monophyletic group.
Tracheophyta Tracheophyte, one of the vascular plants, members of the division, or phylum, Tracheophyta, numbering some 260,000 species today and containing many of the Earth's conspicuous flora. Tracheophyte, meaning "tracheid plant," refers to water-conducting cells that display spiral bands such as those of insects in the walls of tracheae, or air tubes.
Embryophyta The green plant community is divided into embryophytes. Hornworts, liverworts, mosses, ferns, lycophytes, gymnosperms, and flowering plants are included, and Charophyte green algae have appeared. These plants have embryos in the tissues of the mother. They are advanced eukaryotes, multicellular, with specialised reproductive organs. They live mainly in terrestrial environments, while the associated green algae are mainly marine, so they are referred to informally as land plants.
Spermatophyta The seed plants of the Spermatophyta division are the most prevalent plants on earth today. Examples of now extinct tree ferns that had seeds are in the fossil record, suggesting seed plants possibly evolved from ferns. Via spores, which are single-celled zygotes with a tough cell wall, seedless plants reproduce. Seed plants reproduce through seeds, which are multicellular structures with an embryonic plant encompassing a tough exterior tissue.
Hence, the correct answer is (D).
Note:
Some scientists do not accept that there should be algae and protozoa included in the same kingdom. Protozoa are placed into a sub-kingdom of the Animal Kingdom in some classification schemes. Accepted classification schemes have changed at a much faster rate than it has taken the organisms to evolve.
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