Question

In cross-self-fertilised plants, the flowers are first emasculated. Which organ of the plant is removed in this process?
A. Ovary              
B. Ovules
C. Stigmas            
D. Stamens or anthers

Answer 1

Hint: Plants use pollination to reproduce. Compatibility between the stigma and pollen grain is advantageous for effective pollination. Rejection can result from incompatibility, which has a significant impact on the growth of commercial crops. Artificial hybridization is the process of emasculation.


Step by step solution:
Artificial hybridization is the process of mating plants with different genetic make-ups and desirable traits that help produce offspring with superior traits. The process of removing anthers before releasing the pollen grains is known as emasculation. Pollination is prevented by it. It is important to take precautions to avoid harming the female reproductive system in any manner. The female parent's ability to self-fertilize is prevented through emasculation. The following steps can be used to carry out the procedure in several ways: Manual labour is used to perform hand emasculation. With the aid of forceps, anthers are extracted. The anthers are taken out before they mature. With the aid of a glass tube attached to a suction hose, the anther is suctioned using the suction technique. Before they reach maturity, the anthers are removed. It can be done in a variety of methods, such as by hand removal, suction removal, or chemical or hot/cold water treatment. Emasculation is a significant aspect of artificial hybridization. The technique makes ensuring that advantageous traits are handed down to offspring or that advantageous traits are added from one variety to another.
Hence, the correct option is D. Stamens or anthers

Note: Emasculation makes ensuring that a flower receives cross-pollination rather than the parents, which produces better offspring. Crop breeders do it to improve the crops. This technique can be applied to improve crop yields, create hybrid varieties, and transfer one or more exceptional traits from one variety to another.