Question

In a fern, spores are formed in
(a)Sporangium
(b)Oogonium
(c)Archegonium
(d)Stomium

Answer 1

Hint They are an enclosure in which spores are formed. It is often made up of one cell or is often multicellular. All plants, fungi, and lots of other lineages form this at some point in their life cycle.

Complete answer:
In a fern, spores are formed in the sporangium. The plants of Pteridophytes are sporophytes. They reproduce asexually by forming spores in sporangia. In ferns and unbranched sporophytes release sporangium, which could be compound morphologically. The sporangia are aggregated and called sori. All vascular plants possess an alternation of generations inside their life cycle: the sporophyte generation and therefore the gametophyte generation. In ferns, the multicellular sporophyte is what's commonly recognized as a fern plant. On the underside of the fronds are sporangia. Within the sporangia are spore-producing cells known as sporogenous cells. These cells undergo meiosis to form haploid spores. The spores on most ferns are an equivalent size and perform an equivalent function. Therefore ferns are known as homosporous plants. The sporangia are usually in clusters referred to as sori, found on the underside of the fern leaves. Some ferns have a covering over the sporangia referred to as an indusium. When the spores mature, they come out from the sporangia.

Additional information:
Ferns are seedless, vascular plants. Ferns contain two types of vascular tissue that are needed to move substances throughout the plant. Evolutionarily, this addition of vascular tissue to plants is what allowed ferns to get older and out instead of just spreading along the bottom. The more primitive mosses believe in osmosis and diffusion for material movement and wish to remain in close contact with the bottom. With the addition of vascular tissue, water, nutrients, and food can now be transported during a taller plant. The first sort of vascular tissue, xylem, is liable for moving water and nutrients throughout the plant. As the xylem cells touch maturity they die, losing their cellular continents. The external cell walls remain intact.

So, the correct answer is ‘Sporangium’.

Note: Pteridophyta is one of the older groups of plants present in the Plant kingdom. They have evolved much earlier than the angiosperms. They are one of the very first “true” plants to adapt to life ashore. The main characteristics of Pteridophytes are that they're seedless, vascular plants, exhibit true alternation of generations. Moreover, the sporophyte possesses true roots, stems, and leaves. They may be homosporous or heterosporous.