Question

Identify the odd one in each of the following and mention what the rest are:
(a) Larynx; glucagon; testosterone; prolactin. ______________________
(b) Adrenaline; penicillin; insulin; thyroxin ___________________
(c) Stomach; ileum; liver; adrenaline _________________
(d) TSH; GB; ADH; insulin. _____________________
(e) Iodine, cretinism, goitre, myxoedema. __________________

Answer 1

Hint: The above mentioned are the organs, hormones related to the human body. The hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands which directly pour their secretions into the blood. The hormones help in regulating the physiology of our body.

Complete answer:
The hormones are the secretions of the endocrine glands which regulate physiology. The secretion of these glands is directed by the pituitary which is present in the brain.

Let us discuss the above question.
(a) Larynx; glucagon; testosterone; prolactin- Larynx is the part of the respiratory system present in the neck. It is responsible for producing sound. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas which increases the glucose level in the blood. Testosterone is the male hormone and prolactin is a female hormone that is responsible for the secretion of milk. The odd one is the larynx and the rest three are the hormones.

(b) Adrenaline; penicillin; insulin; thyroxin- In this Adrenalin is a hormone which is fear, fight, fright hormone secreted by the adrenal gland. Penicillin is an antibiotic that is used to stop or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas which reduces the sugar level in blood and thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It regulates growth and development. The odd one is penicillin(antibiotic) as the other three are hormones.

(c) Stomach; ileum; liver; adrenaline- Stomach is the organ in our body where digestion takes place. The ileum is the part of the small intestine. The liver is the organ that produces bile that helps in the emulsification of fat. Adrenaline is a hormone. The odd one is Adrenaline(hormone) as the others are the parts of the digestive system.

(d) TSH; GB; ADH; insulin- TSH is thyroid stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary. GB is a gall bladder which is an organ. ADH is the anti-diuretic hormone that regulates the production of urine. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. The odd one is the gall bladder(organ) as the other is hormones.

(e) Iodine, cretinism, goitre, myxoedema- Iodine is a nutrient that is essential for the functioning of the thyroid gland. Cretinism, myxoedema and goitre are diseases that are caused by the improper function of the thyroid gland. The odd one is iodine(nutrient) as the rest are diseases.

Note: Thyroxine regulates the growth and development of our body. Goitre is caused by the iodine deficiency in the thyroid gland due to which it swells. Cretinism is caused due to the deficiency of thyroxine. Myxoedema is the condition of severe hypothyroidism(very less secretion of thyroxine)