Question

Identify the following diagram and mention its function?

Answer 1

Hint: The diagram shows a unique type of cell found in the central nervous system. It is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses and signals using action potential.

Complete answer: The cells in the central nervous system are called neurons. These are a unique type of cells and different from other somatic cells.
As seen in the diagram, its shape is not round; rather it has an indefinite and elongated shape.
A neuron has these parts: a cell body, axon, and dendrites.
The cell body is like a typical cell, consisting of a nucleus, mitochondria, and other cell organelles. From the cell body numerous filaments extrude, these are called dendrites. Axon is the elongated projection which extends out to form synaptic knobs. It is covered by a myelin sheath.

Neurons receive the signal via the dendrites and dendritic branches. These cells are excitable due to the electric gradient across its membrane. Using action potential it transmits signals along the axon to the synaptic terminals.

Note: Axon is myelinated and the myelin is synthesized by Schwann cells.
The constricted regions along the axon are called nodes of Ranvier.
The joining portion between the axon and cell body is called the axon hillock. This is where electric potential arises.