Question

Identify phase in mitosis shown by: centromeres split and thereby sister chromatids of each chromosome separates and they have pulled apart in the opposite direction.
a. Telophase
b. Prophase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase

Answer 1

Hint: All the cells in the M phase undergo mitosis because, by mitosis cell regeneration, cell replacement and growth in living organisms become easily accomplishable. The cells by mitosis generation method will have equal information on genetics and have the same number of chromosomes in the body; it occurs in 4 discrete phases during cell division.

Complete answer:
• In Anaphase, chromatids separate and pass to contrary poles by way of spindle fibres. This permits every daughter cell to have the same copy of every of the original mobile’s chromosomes.
• Anaphase begins while the anaphase-promoting complicated marks an inhibitory chaperone known as security for destruction by ubiquitination.
• Securin is a protein which inhibits a protease called separase. The destruction of securin unleashes separase which then breaks down cohesin, a protein answerable for conserving sister chromatids collectively.
• At this point, three subclasses of microtubules unique to mitosis are involved in growing the forces vital to split the chromatids: kinetochore microtubules, interpolar microtubules, and astral microtubules.
• The centromeres break up, and the sister chromatids are pulled in the direction of the poles through kinetochore microtubules. They take on a V-shape or Y-shape as they may be pulled to both poles.
• While the chromosomes are interested in every aspect of the cell, interpolar microtubules and astral microtubules generate forces that extend the cellular into an oval.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Additional information:
> Telophase - chromosomes disappear (grow to be chromatin), nuclear membrane reforms, nucleoli reappear, spindle disappears and centrioles reproduction
> Prophase - During prophase, chromosomes get visible (chromatids), the centrioles migrate to the poles, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear and spindle formation is visible.
> Metaphase - During this, chromosomes line up around the centre (Cells in metaphase have the chromosomes, which seem as long thin strands underneath the microscope).

Note: There are types of centromeres. In local centromeres, DNA sequences make contributions to however do no longer outline features. Regional centromeres incorporate big quantities of DNA and are frequently packaged into heterochromatin. Since centromeric DNA sequence isn't the important thing determinant of centromeric identification in metazoans, it is thought that epigenetic inheritance performs a first-rate position in specifying the centromere.