Question

What is hypervolemia and hypovolemia?

Answer 1

Hint: ​​Body fluids are made up of electrolytes and water. The adrenal glands, the brain, and the kidneys are all involved in the control of fluid balance in the body. The kidney's job is to filter water and electrolytes from the blood and maintain electrolyte balance and concentrations. This returns a portion of the blood to the body and excretes the rest in the urine.

Complete answer:
HYPERVOLEMIA-
The state of having too much water in your body is known as hypervolemia, often known as fluid overload. While the body requires a certain quantity of fluid to function correctly, Drinking excessively might be harmful to your health.
1. Signs and symptoms-
Edema, or swelling, occurs most commonly in the feet, ankles, wrists, and face.
Cramps, headaches, and stomach bloating are symptoms of pain in the body.
High blood pressure is caused by an excess of fluid in the bloodstream.
Extra fluid entering your lungs causes shortness of breath, limiting your capacity to breathe normally.
2. Causes-
failure of the heart
renal failure, which is commonly caused by diabetes and other metabolic problems, cirrhosis, which is often caused by excessive alcohol intake or hepatitis.
The condition nephrotic syndrome occurs when the body excretes too much protein in the urine.
3. Treatment-
Diuretics, which are drugs that drain excess fluid, are usually given to all persons with hypervolemia.
In extreme circumstances, a doctor may propose dialysis (fluid removal through the kidneys) or paracentesis (fluid removal through the veins) (fluid removal through the belly).
HYPOVOLEMIA-
Hypovolemia is a drop in blood volume in the body, which can be caused by blood loss or a loss of bodily fluids. External injuries, internal bleeding, and some obstetric crises can all cause blood loss.
1. Symptoms-
Dry mucous membranes, loss of skin elasticity, and decreased urine output are some of the first signs of hypovolemia. More significant symptoms emerge when hypovolemia worsens. Hypovolemia can develop over time or strike unexpectedly.
2. Causes-
Reduced ability to coagulate blood
Vomiting or diarrhoea
Sweating excessively
Kidney illnesses resulting in excessive urination at extremes of age
3. Treatment-
Controlling your loss of fluid or blood, replacing those fluids and blood, and restoring your circulation are the major goals of hypovolemia treatment. These may include spinal stabilisation, splinting injuries, maintaining a clear airway, administering chest compressions and breathing if necessary, elevating your legs if safe, and minimising continuous blood loss as much as possible.

Note:
One of the most important parts of maintaining physiological homeostasis is maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as protecting cellular function, tissue perfusion, and acid-base balance.Many clinical illnesses necessitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss can lead to dehydration, which can affect cardiac and renal function as well as electrolyte balance. Insufficient urine output can cause volume overload, renal failure, and electrolyte toxicity.