
How do you calculate lone pairs?
Answer
429.3k+ views
1 likes
Hint: Lone pairs are the non-bonding electrons that are not involved in the participation of a chemical bond and will exist freely on the atoms in the molecule. Two non-bonding electrons can be called a one lone pair.
Complete answer:
Molecules consist of the combination of atoms combined to each other through a chemical bonding. The bonding involved may be an ionic or covalent bond character depending upon the electrons sharing or transfer between two atoms.
When the molecule consists of two atoms, one electron from each atom is involved in bonding depending upon the valency of the atom.
Let us take an example of water, the central metal atom is oxygen, and the atoms bound to oxygen are two hydrogen atoms.
Oxygen has electrons and Hydrogen has electrons.
The valence electrons of Oxygen are , and the valence electrons on the two hydrogen atoms are . Thus, the total valence electrons on the water molecule will be .
Out of these electrons, two electrons from an oxygen atom and two electrons from two hydrogen atoms involved in chemical bonding. Thus, the water molecule has a total of bonding electrons. The remaining electrons will exist as a lone pair of electrons on a central metal atom i.e.., Oxygen atom.
Thus, the lone pairs are .
Note:
The lone pairs exist on the atoms, mostly central metal atoms and freely exist; the presence of lone pairs of electrons makes the molecule more basic, as the molecule is ready to donate the pair of electrons which can be considered as a Lewis base.
Complete answer:
Molecules consist of the combination of atoms combined to each other through a chemical bonding. The bonding involved may be an ionic or covalent bond character depending upon the electrons sharing or transfer between two atoms.
When the molecule consists of two atoms, one electron from each atom is involved in bonding depending upon the valency of the atom.
Let us take an example of water, the central metal atom is oxygen, and the atoms bound to oxygen are two hydrogen atoms.
Oxygen has
The valence electrons of Oxygen are
Out of these
Thus, the lone pairs are
Note:
The lone pairs exist on the atoms, mostly central metal atoms and freely exist; the presence of lone pairs of electrons makes the molecule more basic, as the molecule is ready to donate the pair of electrons which can be considered as a Lewis base.
Latest Vedantu courses for you
Grade 11 Science PCM | CBSE | SCHOOL | English
CBSE (2025-26)
School Full course for CBSE students
₹41,848 per year
Recently Updated Pages
Master Class 12 Economics: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Maths: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Biology: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Physics: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Business Studies: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 English: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Trending doubts
What is the Full Form of PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS ?

What are saprophytes Give two examples class 12 biology CBSE

How do you convert from joules to electron volts class 12 physics CBSE

Mirage is a phenomena due to A Refraction of light class 12 physics CBSE

Why did French artist Frederic sorrieu prepare a series class 12 social science CBSE

What is Nutrition Explain Diff Type of Nutrition ?
