Question

How can I make a sodium atom model?

Answer 1

Hint: Find the number of electrons in the atom and there are various shells in the atoms which are denoted by K, L, M, N, etc. So, according to the number of electrons in the atoms are arranged in the shells. These shells are drawn as rings and in the center write the number of protons and neutrons.

Complete answer:
To make a model of the atom, first, find the atomic number of the atom. So, we have to make the model of a sodium atom and its atomic number is 11. This means that there are 11 electrons in the sodium atom. We know that the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons in the neutral atom so, the number of protons will be also 11.
There are various shells in the atoms which are denoted by K, L, M, N, etc. So, according to the number of electrons in the atoms are arranged in the shells. Each shell has a specific capacity for keeping the electrons. In the K shell there can be only 2 electrons, in the L shell there can be only 8 electrons, in the M shell there can be only 18 electrons, and so on.
So, in sodium atom there are 11 electrons, they will arrange as:
$K=2,L=8,M=1$
Its configuration will be:
$1{{s}^{2}}2{{s}^{2}}2{{p}^{6}}3{{s}^{1}}$
Therefore, the K shell will have 2 electrons, L shell will have 8 electrons, and M shell will have one electron.
We know that the mass number of sodium atom is 23, so its number of neutrons will be:
$23-11=12$
By combining all the information the model is given below:

Note:
The shell K represents 1, the shell L represents 2, the shell M represents 3, the shell N represents 4. Each shell has specific sub-shells which are s, p, d, f, etc. That is why each shell can have only a specific number of electrons.