Question

How can ammonia gas be liquefied?

Answer 1

Hint: Ammonia has the chemical formula $N{H}_3$ . It is a compound made up of nitrogen and oxygen. It is a colourless gas with a pungent smell. In this question, it is asked how the ammonia $N{H}_3$ gas can be liquefied.

Complete answer:
Ammonia is the simplest pnictogen hydride of chemical formula $N{H}_3$. It is a colourless gas with a distinct characteristic of a pungent smell. Ammonia does not contain hydroxide ions i.e. $-OH$ ions but it acts as a typical base. This is due to when ammonia reacts with water, it produces ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. It is alkaline in nature.
We already know that any gas can be converted into liquids either by compressing the gas or by cooling it. Similarly, the ammonia gas can be liquefied to liquid ammonia by compression and cooling. When a high pressure is applied to ammonia gas, the volume of the ammonia gas compresses and when the temperature is decreased, it gets liquefied. Therefore, by applying high pressure and lowering the temperature, the ammonia gas can be liquefied (can be turned into liquids).
It is lighter than air and its density is $0.589$ times that of air. It can easily liquefy due to strong hydrogen bonding between the molecules.

Note:
Remember, Ammonia gas liquefies at ${20}^{\circ }C$ under high pressure and low temperature. It has several applications in pharmaceutical industries. It acts as a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products. It is also used in many commercial cleaning products.