Question

How many hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland and what are they?

Answer 1

Hint: The Endocrine gland is located at the base of the throat and present in front of the larynx. It moves upward when we Swallow. It is of 2 lobes where the right lobe is slightly larger than the left one. It is cone-shaped and secrets 3 hormones, which help in the regulation of fat, protein, vitamins, and carbohydrates.

Complete answer:
It is a ductless, butterfly shaped endocrine gland that weighs between 20 – 25g, and weight may depend upon age, gender, and diet. The thyroid gland secretes 3 hormones are as follows:
-Tri-iodothyronine (T3)
-Thyroxine (T4)
-Calcitonin/Thyrocalcitonin
Triiodothyronine (T3):
It is the hormone that plays a major role in the body's physiological process like BMR (Body's Metabolic Rate), temperature, heart rate, digestive control, Brain development and control, Growth and development. In blood, it is secreted as an active form and generally secreted about $20\%$ by the gland, and the remaining $80\%$ is produced from the conversion of thyroxine by organs like the Kidneys and Liver.
Thyroxine (T4):
It is the main hormone that is secreted by the thyroid gland. It plays a vital role in Heart, Muscle, and Digestion processes. In Blood, it is converted into the active form (Triiodothyronine) by organs like the Kidney and liver.
Calcitonin/Thyrocalcitonin:
It is secreted by C – cells of the thyroid gland. C – Cells are also called Parafollicular cells. It helps in maintaining Phosphates levels in the blood and it decreases along with age increases. In children, it helps in the development of the skeletal system. It also helps in maintaining Calcium Homeostasis.

Additional information:
Functions of both T3 and T4 Hormones:
-Enhance the urinary excretion of Creatinine and Nitrogen.
-Increases diuretic effect.
-Helps in the development of the Skeletal and nervous system.
-By increasing the fat content in milk induces milk ejection.
-It causes the Calorigenic effect by increasing BMR.
-They cause result in Osteoporosis by eliminating Calcium and phosphates from the bone.

Note:
The 2 major hormones (T3 & T4) are regulators of Thyrotropin-releasing hormones.
The thyroid gland is in the butterfly-shaped and ductless endocrine gland.
The thyroid gland has 2 lobes. The right lobe is larger than the left lobe.