Question

“Himgiri” a variety of wheat is resistant to
A. White rust
B. Mosaic viruses
C. Bacterial blight
D. Leaf and stripe rust

Answer 1

Hint: Himgiri is a hybrid variety of wheat that is developed from the hybridisation and selection for diseases resistance again the rust pathogen. The plant breeding is done to obtain the plants that are disease free and better yield.

Complete answer:
Plant species can be changed in a way that they give the kind of plants which are required for better cultivation, or yield is better and is disease resistant. Such manipulation of plants is called plant breeding. In tropical climates yield of cultivated crop species are majorly affected due to a wide range of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. This scenario leads to the enhancement of food production as the breeding and development of cultivars resistant to a disease is employed. Hence fungicides and bactericides use is reduced. The genetic constitution of the host plant determines the ability of the host plant to prevent the pathogen from causing disease.
Conventional breeding techniques or mutation breeding is generally the approach towards breeding for disease resistance. Hybridisation and selection is the conventional process in which it is done. The steps involved in agronomic characters such as high yield are similar to the breeding process for disease resistance. The steps involved are as follows: Resistance sources are done by screening germplasm, parents are then selected using hybridisation, hybrids are then selected and evaluated and finally, the new varieties are tested before release. Fungi, bacterial and viral disease are released as a disease resistance when some crop varieties use hybridisation and selection for breeding.

Variety	Crop	Resistance to diseases
Pusa swarnim (Karan rai)	Brassica	White rust
Pusa Sadabahar	Chilli	Leaf curl , Chilli mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus
Himgiri	Wheat	Leaf and stripe rust, hill bunt
Pusa Shubhra, Pusa Snowball K-1	Cauliflower	Black rot and Curl blight black rot
Pusa Komal	Cowpea	Bacterial blight

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: The identification of the leaf rust and stripe rust is done by the arrangements of the pustules on the leaves. The organ-brown pustules that randomly distributed on the leaves in case of the leaf rust whereas strips rust has yellow pustules and it is in a stripe or linear fashion on the leaves.