Question

he ‘protein factory of the cell’ is
(a) Cytosol
(b) Ribosome
(c) Lysosome
(d) Golgi bodies

Answer 1

Hint: It is a cell organelle that serves as a macromolecular machine inside the cells and is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but its configuration differs in both types of cells.

Complete answer:
Ribosomes are the cell organelles that are known as the protein factory of the cell because they are the sites for protein synthesis and they do so with the help of mRNA. For synthesizing proteins, ribosomes link amino acids together in a specific order that is determined by the codons present on the mRNA and form chains of polypeptides. These are tiny, oval-shaped cell organelles but are complex in structure and hence regarded as highly complex cellular machines. These organelles are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells but their configuration is different in both types of cells because in the prokaryotic cells they are of 70s type whereas, in eukaryotes, they are of 80s type. The tiny ribosomes are found both free in the cytoplasm of cells and also attached to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. When these are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, that region of endoplasmic reticulum is known as the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
So, the correct answer is ‘Ribosome’.

Note: The cytosol is the aqueous component of the cells where all the organelles and other components of cells remain suspended and it also provides a site for reactions that occur in the cells. The lysosome is called the ‘suicidal bag’ of the cell because it is a vacuole that contains hydrolytic enzymes whereas Golgi bodies are mainly involved in the packaging of materials that are to be transported out of the cells.