Question

Gynandrous condition means
A. Adhesion of stamens and carpels
B. Cohesion of stamens
C. Stamens united by filaments
D. Free stamens

Answer 1

Hint: Gynandrous condition relates to the stamens and carpels of a flower. It is found in male gametophytes of plants.

Complete Answer:
 Carpels – Carpels are also called pistils. They are the female reproductive structures of plants.It produces female germ cells i.e. egg cells. Carpel consists of three structures. That is – Stigma, Ovary, Style.
- Stigma: Stigma is a pollen landing surface. It is very sticky and has various shapes.
- Style: Style is a stalk that arises from the ovary. It is a tube that joins stigma to ovary by which pollen grains come to the ovary.
- Ovary: Ovary represents the swollen base of the pistil. It contains the ovules that will become the seeds later after reproduction.

Stamen: A Stamen is also called the Androecium. The stamen produces the male germ cells that are called as the pollen grains. Stamen consist of a filament and anther. Filament is a stalk and anther consisting of pollen grains.

Gynandrous condition: Gynandrous condition means that the stamens are partially or fully united with gynoecium in a column. Example – Orchids. So, it is the adhesion of Stamens and Carpels.

Additional information:
- The fusion of stamens with themselves is called Cohesion of stamens.
- The condition where stamens are united by the filaments is called an adelphous condition.
- The condition where all stamens are free is called polyandrous.

Hence, option A is the correct option for this question.

Note: The significance of studying such conditions is that it helps in the plant’s taxonomy. These conditions mark the differences between the plants of different species so that it becomes easy to study any species with some common characteristics.