Question

Grave’s disease is caused due to the
A.Hyposecretion of the thyroid gland
B.Hypersecretion of the thyroid gland
C.Hyposecretion of the adrenal gland
D.Hypersecretion of the adrenal gland

Answer 1

Hint: Grave’s disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland and is also called the toxic diffuse goiter. Direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, with the main exceptions being Grave’s ophthalmopathy, goiter, and pretibial myxedema are the most common symptoms of the grave’s disease.

Complete answer: Grave’s disease often results in an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat, poor tolerance of heat, diarrhea, and unintentional weight loss are the most common signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism. Thickening of the skin, known as pretibial myxedema, and bulging eye, a condition caused by Grave’s ophthalmopathy are other symptoms that occur in serious cases. The unclear cause is present for this, but it is believed that the involvement of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins recognize their receptors called the thyrotropin receptor (TSH receptor) and then bind to them which stimulates thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) secretion in the body from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine receptors in the pituitary gland are activated by the surplus hormone, suppressing the additional release of TSH in a negative feedback loop. The result is very high levels of circulating thyroid hormones and a low TSH level. The body starts producing antibodies to the receptor for thyroid-stimulating hormone so that it is called the autoimmune disorder.
Hence, the correct option is (B) Hypersecretion of thyroid gland.

Note: These antibodies cause hyperthyroidism because they bind to the TSH and chronically stimulate it. The TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) is present on the thyroid follicular cells of the thyroid gland (the cells that produce thyroid hormone), causes chronic stimulation which results in abnormal production of T3 and T4. Clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism and the enlargement of the thyroid gland visible as goiter are caused during the grave’s disease.