Question

Golgi apparatus takes part in the synthesis of
a. Heteropolysaccaharides
b. Glycoproteins
c. Hormones
d. All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Golgi apparatus is made up of many flat, disc-shaped sacs or cisternae. They are arranged near the nucleus and have two distinct faces Cis face or forming face and Trans face or maturing face. Golgi apparatus is a cellular organelle which consists of folded and flattened membranes within the cytoplasm.

Complete answer:
The Golgi apparatus acts as the site where the material to be released is packaged in the form of vesicles and is delivered either to the intracellular targets or secreted outside the cell.

It performs the following functions:
- It is involved in the formation of lysosomes vesicles that contain proteins and remain within the cell.
- It performs the function of packaging of material. The proteins and lipids synthesized by endoplasmic reticulum are combined with carbohydrates to form glycolipids and glycoproteins in the Golgi body.
- It acts as an important site for the formation of complex carbohydrates other than glycogen and starch.
- It is also involved in the formation of cell walls.
- Golgi bodies also mediate the hormones produced by endocrine glands.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Additional information:
Like I mentioned above Golgi apparatus are arranged near the nucleus and have two distinct faces:
> Cis face or forming face- It is convex in shape and responsible for receiving the secretory materials through the transitional vesicles that are pinched off from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
> Trans face or maturing face- It is concave in shape and is responsible for releasing the material, which is being secreted by the cis face and modified in cisternae.

Note: Golgi apparatus is a cell organelle found in all cells except some prokaryotes like PPLO, bacteria, cyanobacteria and some eukaryotes such as human RBCs, sieve tubes of plants, etc. It was discovered by Camillo Golgi while observing the densely stained reticular structures present near the nucleus of the cell.