Question

Given below is a diagram of the human skeleton. Name the bones numbered 1-11.

Answer 1

Hint: Skeleton system consists of a framework of bones and some cartilages. A significant role is played by this system particularly in the movements of our body. Both cartilages and bones are specialized connective tissues. Bones are the main tissues that provide support and framework to the body. Their matrix is hard and non-pliable.

Complete answer:
Our skeleton system is broadly categorized into two classes-
a. Axial skeleton: It is a total set of eighty bones, spread along the main axis of the body. It includes the skull, vertebral column, sternum and rib.
b. Appendicular skeleton: This system constitutes the limbs along with their girdles. Each limb is made up of 30 bones.

The given figure shows several bones labeled which are-
1. This part is the skull. The human skull is composed of cranial and facial bones, whose total equals 22. There are 8 cranial bones, which form the hard protective outer covering called the cranium of the brain. 2. Facial bones are 14 in number forming the front part of the skull.
3. This is the clavicle and scapula. The scapula is a large triangular flat bone situated between the second and seventh ribs. Each clavicle is a long slender bone having two curvatures, commonly called collar bone.
4. This is a flat bone present on the thorax along the ventral midline, called the sternum.
5. This bone is called the humerus, present on the forelimb. It has a deltoid ridge and olecranon fossa.
6. This part is called ulna, in the forelimb, and has a sigmoid notch.
7. These are the coxal bones. There are two coxal bones in the pelvic girdle, each of which is formed by the fusion of three bones- ilium, ischium, and pubis.
8. These are the ribs. There are 12 pairs of ribs, which dorsally connect to the vertebral column and ventrally to the sternum.
9. This is the radius, a bone present in the forelimbs. Radius consists of the olecranon process.
10. These are the femur, commonly called thigh bone, the longest bone.
11. This part is called the tibia, present in the hind limbs.
12. This the second bone of the shank called the fibula, present in the hind limbs.

Note: Skulls of humans include a single U-shaped bone called hyoid bone, situated at the base of the buccal cavity. The ribs are classified into three types-
i. True ribs- also called vertebra-sternal ribs.
ii. False ribs- also called vertebra-chondral ribs.
iii. Floating ribs- protect kidneys
The bones of hands (forelimbs) are- humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. And those of hind limbs are- femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.