Question

Given below are assertion and reason, Point out if both are true with reason being the correct explanation (A), both are true but reason is not the correct explanation (B), assertion is true but reason is wrong (C ) and both are wrong (D).
Assertion: Natural selection us the overcome of difference in survival and reproduction among individuals that show variation in one or more traits.
Reason: Adaptive forms of a given trait tend to become more common, less adaptive one become less or disappear.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Answer 1

Hint: Natural selection, a process that leads to the adaptation of the body to its environment by selectively reproducing changes in its genotype or genetic constitution. This is a key mechanism for evolution, the change in hereditary traits that characterize populations from generation to generation.

Complete answer:
Before answering the question let’s study some points about natural selection.
Struggle for Existence: Organisms reproduce in geometric relationships while food supply increases in arithmetic relationships. This results in fierce competition between organisms to ensure life for maximum food and protection. The differences that exist between organisms are called variations. Variations can be dangerous, neutral, or helpful. The variations that are passed down from generation to generation are called hereditary variations and form the raw material for evolution. These variations occur due to changes in genes or chromosomes.
Over Production or Enormous Fertility: Living organisms have the innate ability to produce more individuals to ensure continued reproduction.
Origin of Species: As a result of the struggle for existence, variability, and inheritance, more adapted people survive and become abundant. Slowly over time, this group, which was very different from the original population, established itself as a new species. This group is also subject to the same forces of change as its ancestors, and this process continues to lead to new species.
Survival of the Fittest: In the struggle for existence, individuals who show environmental differences will survive, while those who are unable to face difficulties will be eliminated. These organisms, which were most able to survive and reproduce, left behind more offspring than these failed individuals. This is called survival of the fittest.
Darwin Wallace's theory of natural selection can be summarized as the change in species through the survival of a type of organism that exhibits natural variations that give it an adaptive advantage in the environment. In this way, a new ecological balance is reached. The idea of ​​survival of the fittest explains the above developments through natural selection. According to the survival of the fittest, some of the variety that living things exhibit facilitates their survival and reproduction, enhancing more adaptable forms. Those who were not fit (or less adaptable) were eliminated.
So we arrived at the conclusion that both assertion and the reason are true and reason is the correct explanation.
So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note:
Darwin could not explain the mechanism of character inheritance. Darwin proposed a pangenesis theory to explain this phenomenon. He said that each cell or organ produces hereditary tiny particles called penguins, or gems. They are carried through the blood and stored in gametes. This theory is not accepted. After natural selection, only useful organs benefit from natural selection. The existence of residual organs in organisms cannot be explained. In some species of deer, the antlers develop according to the stages of use. This structure has no functional significance for animals. Darwin could not explain the causes of variation in organisms.