Question

Give the symptoms of typhoid fever and draw a labelled diagram of its causal organism

Answer 1

Hint: Fever is also referred to as high temperature, pyrexia, or hyperthermia. A body temperature that is higher than average is described as fever. Kids and adults may be affected by fever. A short-term rise in body temperature can help combat infection in your body. A severe fever, however, may be a symptom of a serious condition requiring immediate medical treatment.

Complete answer:
A bacterial infection that can lead to high fever, diarrhoea, and vomiting is typhoid. It can be fatal. It is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. The infection is also transmitted by contaminated food and drinking water, and in areas where hand washing is less frequent, it is more likely. Carriers who do not know they are carrying the bacteria may even pass it on.

An infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium is typhoid (S. typhi). The bacterium lives in humans' bowels and bloodstream. It spreads between people by direct contact with an infected person's faeces. No animals bear this disease, but there is still human to human transmission.

The structure of Salmonella is given below.

Symptoms of typhoid fever:
Symptoms typically begin between 6 and 30 days after bacterial exposure. Fever and rash are the two main typhoid signs. Typhoid fever is especially severe, rising steadily to 104 degrees Fahrenheit, or 39 to 40 degrees Celsius, over many days. The rash is made up of rose-colored spots, especially on the neck and abdomen, that do not affect every patient. Weakness, stomach pain, constipation and headaches are other symptoms. Symptoms may rarely involve confusion, diarrhoea, and vomiting, but this is not necessarily severe. The bowel can become perforated in serious, untreated cases. This can lead to peritonitis, a tissue infection that lines the inside of the abdomen, which in 5 to 62 percent of cases has been reported as fatal.

Note: Antibiotics are the only safe cure for typhoid agents. Ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone are the most commonly used. It is essential, apart from antibiotics, to rehydrate by drinking adequate water. In more serious cases, surgery may be needed where the bowel has been perforated.