Question

G1-phase, S-phase, G2-phase, Karyokinesis, Cytokinesis.

Answer 1

Hint: The cell cycle consists of the processes by which the genome and other elements are synthesized and duplicated by a cell and finally split into two daughter cells. There are two stages in the cell cycle, one where the cell prepares itself for cell division and the other where the cell divides.

Complete answer:
Cell division is characterized as a process in which two daughter cells are formed from a single parent cell. The cell cycle is a genetically programmed sequence of modifications that take place in a newly formed cell by duplicating its contents, developing and separating to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle is split into two stages, the mitotic and interphase phases. In addition, the interphase is subdivided into three stages, namely phase $$G1$$, phase S (synthesis), and phase $$G2$$. Within $$G1$$ there is a process of synthesis of RNA, enzymes, proteins, histone-forming amino acids, nucleotide formation, and ATP. The DNA is duplicated during the S process. S phase is also known as the phase of synthesis. It is a stage in which DNA synthesis or replication takes place and a doubling of DNA takes place. If the DNA is 2N, for instance, then the DNA becomes 4N after the S step. DNA replication begins in the nucleus at this stage, while the centrioles replicate in the cytoplasm. Again, intense protein and RNA synthesis occur during the $$G2$$ process.

The mitotic process starts after the interphase is finished. Mitosis consists of karyokinesis, which is the nucleus division that is then followed by cytokinesis, which is the cytoplasm division to form two daughter cells.

Note: Interphase is a biosynthetic phase wherein the cells duplicate their organelles and replicates their own DNA. The cell cycle duration differs from organism to organism and even from cell to cell. Interphase is also referred to as the Resting phase since no cell division operation is involved. Some cells may not differentiate in adult organisms, e.g. nerve cells. -The DNA doubles in the S process, but the chromosomes remain the same.