Question

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Answer 1

Hint: R. B. Bean, a Philadelphia anatomist, was the first to study the corpus callosum in relation to gender, claiming in 1906 that "exceptional size of the corpus callosum may mean exceptional intellectual activity" and that men and women had measurable differences. He went on to say that the size of the corpus callosum varied across the body, possibly reflecting the political climate.

Complete answer:
The callosal commissure, also known as the corpus callosum, is a wide, thick nerve tract that runs beneath the cerebral cortex and is made up of a flat bundle of commissural fibers. The corpus callosum is only found in placental mammals. It spans part of the longitudinal fissure, connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres and allowing communication between them. With 200–300 million axonal projections and a length of about ten centimetres, it is the largest white matter structure in the human brain.
The pathway is a thick bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of your brain, allowing either side to communicate and send signals to the other. This neural pathway is constantly transferring sensory, motor, and psychological information between the hemispheres.
They have around 300 million axons on a median pathway (nerve fibers). It is about 10cm long in the midplane and is found within the structure's white matter. The largest white matter structure in the brain, this neural bridge evolved only in placental mammals.
When the pathway is disrupted, the brain's hemispheres appear to be unable to communicate properly, and a variety of functions, such as vision, speech, and memory, are lost. In cases of untreatable encephalopathy, surgically cutting the pathway could be a last-ditch effort to prevent seizures from spreading across the brain.

Note:
When pioneer axons cross midline for the first time around week 12 of prenatal development in humans or day 15 of embryogenesis in mice, the corpus callosum is formed. The corpus callosum is only found in placental mammals; monotremes and marsupials, as well as other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, do not have it.