Question

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid? What are the symbols with oxidation numbers?

Answer 1

Hint: Before answering this question, we should know that Hydrochloric acid is denoted by HCl is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. The other name of HCl is muriatic acid. It is a strong acid and is a colorless solution, it has a pungent smell.

Complete answer:
Production of hydrochloric acid:
In industries, this is generally prepared by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. It can also be produced in many ways, therefore many precursors to hydrochloric acid are there.
It can be produced by the direct combination of chlorine gas and hydrogen gas, this reaction is quick at a temperature above 250$^{\circ }C$.
${{H}_{2}}+C{{l}_{2}}\to 2HCl$
Heat is also evolved.
It is an ionic compound, the transfer of an electron from one element to the other. As we know, hydrogen has one electron and donates its only electron which makes it a cation${{H}^{+}}$by gaining a positive charge to chlorine which makes chlorine anion$C{{l}^{-}}$ (it need one electron to complete its outer P shell).
The compound (HCl) has a charge of 0 as hydrogen has a +1 charge whereas chlorine has a -1 charge. The gaseous hydrogen chloride is HCl(g).
Hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water and ionize to form aqueous hydrogen chloride:
$HCl(g)+{{H}_{2}}O(l)\to {{H}_{3}}{{O}^{+}}+C{{l}^{-}}(aq)$
Here, the distribution of the charge to the most electronegative atom results in the oxidation number.
The oxidation number of H is +1
The oxidation number of Cl is -1

Note:
Applications-
Hydrochloric acid helps in the pickling of steel and helps in the removal of rust from iron with the help of techniques like galvanization, rolling, etc. It helps in pH control and neutralization. It regenerates ion exchangers. It also helps in leather processing and household cleaning. It is an important laboratory reagent and industrial chemical, it is also a part of the gastric acid in our digestive systems of humans and animal species.