Question

Formation of several species of finches in Galapagos islands or marsupials in Australia is
A) Sympatric speciation
B) Phyletic speciation
C) Allopatric speciation
D) Fusion speciation

Answer 1

Hint: The speciation is defined as an evolutionary process. The populations evolve to become distinct species. Charles Darwin described the role of natural selection in speciation.

Complete answer:
There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature.The four modes are- allopatric, sympatric, peripatric and parapatric.
>Sympatric speciation is the process of evolution in which new species are evolved from a surviving ancestral species. Both continue to inhabit the same region.
>The allopatric speciation is the process in which species are evolved and there is geographic isolation of two or more populations of a species.
>The evolution process of geographically adjacent populations into distinct species is known as parapatric evolution.
>The allopatric speciation occurs in geographically separated populations while sympatric occurs in those populations that can share a geographical area.
>The main example of the allopatric speciation is happening in the Galapagos finches. It was studied by Charles Darwin. There are about 15 different species of finches. They each look different and have specialized beaks.The hawthorn fly is an example of the sympatric speciation.

So the correct answer is Allopatric speciation.

Note:The most common form of speciation is the allopatric speciation. Artificial speciation is a form of speciation. It is achieved by human influence. The speciation is caused due to geographic isolation, reduction of gene flow .Even in the absence of geographic barrier reduced gene flow across a species can result in speciation.