Question

Forelimb of cat, lizard used in walking, forelimbs of whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used in flying are an example of
A. Analogous organs
B. Adaptive radiation
C. Homologous organs
D. Convergent evolution

Answer 1

Hint: The evolution of an organism is a process by which an organism evolves over time. The process takes a lot of time and is different for different individuals. Evolutionary biology explains the structures adapted by different organisms for different purposes as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor.

Complete answer:
• Homology happens because of a shared family between a couple of structures or qualities in various taxa.
• A typical case of homologous structures is the forelimbs of vertebrates, where the wings of bats and fowls, the arms of primates, the front flippers of whales, and the forelegs of four-legged vertebrates like canines and crocodiles are totally gotten from a similar hereditary tetrapod structure.
• Forelimbs of a cat, lizards used in walking; forelimbs of a whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used in flying are an example of homologous organs.
• All the forelimbs discussed above are modified form with the same type of bone and only the appearance differs because of their adaptation to the environment around them.

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Additional information:
• Analogous organs- Analogous organ is an organ that has functional similarity to the organ of another organism yet evolutionary differences occur.
• Convergent evolution- It is the process in which the organisms which are not closely linked, evolve independently, similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments.
• Adaptive radiation- - It is a process where creatures expand quickly from a genealogical(ancestors) species into a huge number of new structures.

Note: The homologous organs are formed as a result of divergent evolution meaning that they share a common ancestor suggesting their common structure but they perform different functions . The arm of a human can also be included in the homologous organs.