Question

What is the force responsible for upward movement of water in the treachery elements?

Answer 1

Hint: To solve this question, one should know about treachery elements. Tracheary elements (TEs) are specialised cells in the xylem that transport water and solute up the plant. Specification, expansion, patterned cell wall deposition, programmed cell death, and cell wall removal are all part of the differentiation process for TEs.

Complete answer:
The cohesion-tension theory, often known as the transpiration pull theory, best explains the upward movement of water.
Dixon and Jolly proposed the theory in 1894. The following characteristics underpin the theory:
1. Water molecules' cohesive and adhesive characteristics to form an unbroken continuous water column in the xylem.
2. In this water column, there is a transpiration pull or tension.
Water fills the xylem capillaries, forming a continuous water column due to water's cohesion and adhesion capabilities. Due to water cohesion and adhesion, the water column cannot be broken or dragged away from the xylem walls. Various forces are exerted on the water column in an attempt to break it. The weight of the column and the resistance it faces during translocation are the sources of these forces. The column is not shattered because the magnitude of the cohesive force is so great (up to 350 atm). The water column is similar to a steel rope that runs from the substomatal chambers of leaves to the roots. The entire rope will go upward if the rope is tugged from the top.
The forces that cause water to rise in the Tracheary elements are adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension. The cohesion force, which keeps water molecules linked to one another, is a strong mutual attractive attraction. Water columns can endure a pull or strain of up to 100 atm due to cohesion force. As a result, the cohesion force is also known as the tensile strength. Close to 15,000 atm is the theoretical approximation.

Note:
Translocation refers to the movement of food in plants. It is carried out with the help of phloem, a conducting tissue. From the leaves to the root, shoot, fruits, and seeds, phloem delivers glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients.