Question

Find out the correct sentence

A. Enzymes packed in lysosomes are made through RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum).

B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum produce lipid and protein respectively.

C. Endoplasmic reticulum is related to the destruction of plasma membranes.

D. Nucleoid is present inside the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic nucleus.

Answer 1

Hint: A cell is made up of different types of cell organelles like mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough), lysosomes, nucleus, vacuoles and these all lie in the liquid matrix of the cell called cytoplasm. These all cell organelles have their own specific functions.

Complete answer:

Each and every living organism is either plant, animal, bacteria, virus or algae, each one is made up of cells, it is the basic unit of life which has a lot inside it, though all of them are microscopic.

Cell is composed of

Plasma membrane: It is a bilayer made up of lipids and proteins, is selectively permeable and is the outer covering of the cell present in both animal and plant cells.

Cytoplasm:  It is a jelly like substance that is present in between the plasma membrane and the cell nucleus. It is very important for a cell as it holds all the cell organelles in place.

Nucleus: A double membrane cell organelle found in eukaryotes only and contains the genetic material of the organism. It contains a nucleoli which synthesizes proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNA).

Endoplasmic reticulum: They are the cell’s transport system and have fluid filled membranous canals. They are of two types.

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum: They are storage organelles and are responsible for the cell’s detoxification, and production of lipids and steroids.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum: They are involved in the production of proteins and are found throughout the cell.

Mitochondria: It is a double sausage shaped organelle which is inherited maternally mostly and is known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Golgi bodies: They are membrane bound organelles which have stacked pouches of cisternae. They are responsible for packaging of lipids. There are other organelles like cilia, flagella, microbodies which are cell organelles but not found in all cells.

Enzymes packed in lysosomes are made through RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum). Digestive enzymes like lipase, glucosidase, protease, sulfatase are produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the lysosomes. Due to the presence of these enzymes lysosomes are known as suicide bags.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum produce lipid and proteins respectively – this statement is wrong as the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the manufacture of lipids, steroids, carbohydrates and exogenous substances like drugs and toxins whereas rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the manufacture of proteins. Rough endoplasmic reticulum have ribosomes on their surface that help them to make proteins and these ribosomes are absent in smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic reticulum is related to the destruction of plasma membranes- this statement is wrong as only lysosomes can destroy the plasma membrane as they have hydrolase digestive enzymes meant for destruction of other cell organelles. They still stay in the cell but are bound by a covering that separates them from the complete cell.

Nucleoid is present inside the nucleoplasm of the eukaryotic nucleus – this is a wrong statement as Nucleoid is present in prokaryotic cells and not eukaryotic cells. And it contains the genetic material of the respective cell.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: Cells have a proper machinery with all its organelles sufficient potential to make a duplicate copy of themselves whenever required. All the organelles of the cell perform specific functions like DNA duplication, protein synthesis, translation, transcription with the help of each other.