Question

Explain with the help of a suitable example polar covalent bond.

Answer 1

Hint: Polar covalent bonding is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons are unequally shared between two atoms.

Complete step-by-step answer:
We have been asked to explain polar covalent bonds with a suitable example.
So, let us first discuss the polar covalent bond.
Polar bond-
So, polar covalent bond is a bond which takes place when two different atoms are linked to each other by a covalent bond. In this type of bonding, a chemical bond where a pair of electrons are unequally shared between the atoms. The shared electron pair will not be in the centre just because the bonding atoms differ in electronegativities.
Example of polar covalent bond-
The water molecule shows polar bonding, the water molecule has chemical formula, ${H_2}O$
Now here slightly positive charges are developed in hydrogen atoms and slightly negative charge developed in oxygen atoms as oxygen is more electronegativity than the hydrogen atom. Thus, opposite poles are developed in the molecule.
Refer the figure below to understand the charge distribution-

As you can see the above structure has a slight positive charge on hydrogen atoms and a slight negative charge on oxygen atom, hence the bond pair lies towards oxygen atom.
Another example of polar bonding is hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule. The bonding of hydrogen and chlorine atoms leans more towards Cl atoms because Cl is more electronegative in nature than the hydrogen. Hence, the shared pair of electrons lies not exactly in between the bond but lean towards chlorine. Due to this reason, Cl atoms acquire a slight negative charge, and H atoms acquire slight positive charge.
Refer to the structure below to understand better-

The above structure shows that there is slightly positive charge on hydrogen atom and negative charge on chlorine atom due to its high electronegativity.

Note – Whenever such types of questions appear, then first explain what does it mean by polar bonding and what compounds form polar bonds. In polar bonds slightly positive charge appears on the atom which is less electronegative and slightly negative charge appears on the more electronegative atom. As mentioned in the solution, about ${H_2}O$ molecule and $HCl$ molecule and polar bonding is explained with these examples and their structure is also shown.