Question

Explain the various types of cancer.

Answer 1

Hint: The abnormal regulation of the cell cycle leads to the over-proliferation of the cells. This results in the gathering of abnormal cells in a large number. This is a condition of cancer. The mass of abnormal cells is known as tumors. The tumor may be benign or malignant. The malignant tumor spread to other tissues throughout the body, whereas the benign tumor does not spread.

Complete answer:
Cancer is divided into five major categories, and these are discussed below:
- Carcinoma: The carcinoma is derived from the epithelial cells. It spreads in areas such as breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, and colon.
- Sarcoma: Sarcoma is cancer that affects connective tissue.
- Lymphoma and leukemia: This type of cancer originates in the hematopoietic cells that are also known as blood-forming cells. The cancer cells leave the bone marrow and mature in the lymph nodes and blood, respectively.
- Germ-cell tumor: This type of cancer affects the germ cells of the ovary and the testis.
- Blastoma: This type of cancer mainly affects the embryonic tissue.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Additional information:
Carcinogens are substances that cause out-of-control cell growth and tumors, leading to cancer. This is done by altering the cellular metabolism or damaged DNA that is present in the cells. As a result, this infers the normal cellular processes. Oncology is the study of cancer, and the oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer. The doctor provides medical care for a person diagnosed with cancer. The field of oncology has three major areas, and these are medical, surgical, and radiation.

Note: Cancer is described as the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. This develops when the normal control mechanism of the body stops working. As a result, the old cells do not die; rather, they start to grow out of control and form abnormal cells. Therefore, the accumulation of these extra cells is known as a tumour.