Question

Explain the structure and function of the neuron.

Answer 1

Hint: Neurons are also known as the nerve cells. It helps in triggering both electrical and chemical synapses. Neurons are of different types based on the function performed.

Complete answer:
A neuron is a cell that works electrically and communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses. It's a major component of nerve tissue.
A typical neuron consists of a cell body which is also known as soma, dendrites, and one axon. The soma is typically compact. The axon and dendrites are filaments that protrude out from it. Dendrites typically have branches and extend a few hundred micrometers from the soma.
The axon leaves the soma at the axon hillock. It branches but usually maintains a continuing diameter.
At the farthest tip of the axon's branches are axon terminals, where the neuron can transmit a sign across the synapse to a different cell. Neurons may lack dendrites or haven't any axon.
The term neurite is employed to explain either a dendrite or an axon, particularly when the cell is undifferentiated.
Most neurons receive signals via the dendrites and soma and send signals down the axon. At the bulk of synapses, signals cross from the axon of 1 neuron to a dendrite of another.
However, synapses can connect an axon to a different axon or a dendrite to a different dendrite.
Parts of axon:
- Axoplasm: It is known as the cytoplasm of an axon.
- Myelin sheath: It is made up of many layers of Schwann cells.
- Neurilemma: The outermost layer of Schwann cells.
- Nodes of Ranvier: These are gaps left by a myelin sheath.
Function: The neurons are responsible for the conduction and transmission of the nerve impulses. The stimulus is received and carried by the sensory neurons, analyzed and detected by the CNS. The response is given with the help of the motor neurons.

Note: Neurons are classified into three types based on their function. - Sensory neurons respond to stimuli like touch, sound, or light that affect the cells of the sensory organs, and that they send signals to the brain. - Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord to regulate everything from muscle contractions to glandular output. - Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within a similar region of the brain or spinal cord. Neural circuit is a group of neurons connected together.