Question

Explain the role of hormones during menstrual cycle.

Answer 1

Hint:The menstrual cycle is a sequence of cyclic physiological changes that occur in female primates.The average duration of the menstrual cycle is 28–29 days, although this can vary between women and from one cycle to another. The length of your menstrual cycle is measured from the first day of your period to the day before the next period begins.

Complete answer:
A variety of different hormones control the menstrual cycle. But the primary ones are:
>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): induces the synthesis and release of oestrogen.
>Luteinizing hormone ( LH): induces the release of the egg (called ovulation). Stimulates the development of oestrogen and progesterone.
>Oestrogen: causes uterine liner growth. Inhibits FSH. Induces the release of LH and thus activates the egg. Inhibits LH following ovulation.
>Progesterone: maintains the uterine line. Inhibits LH following ovulation. The follicle stimulating hormone is released by the pituitary gland. It controls the role of both the ovaries and the testes. Lack or insufficiency can cause infertility in both men and women.

Endocrine Glands	Hormone	Function
Anterior Pituitary	FSH	>Stimulates follicular growth in ovaries.Stimulates estrogen secretion from developing follicles.
	LSH	>Surge causes ovulationResults in formation of corpus luteum.
Ovaries	Estrogen	>Thickens uterine liningInhibits FSH and LH for most cycles.Stimulates FSH and LH release preovulation
	Progesterone	>Thickens uterine lining(endometrium).Inhibits FSH and LH.

>The follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the development of follicles that secrete oestrogen.
>The increase in the level of oestrogen stimulates the thickening of the endometrium in the uterus.
>LH is secreted by a pituitary gland that induces ovulation. The increase in LH is followed by an increase in progesterone, which is responsible for forming follicles into corpus luteum.Corpus luteum secretes the progesterone required for the preservation of the uterus lining for implantation.
>The increase in progesterone and oestrogen results in a decrease in FSH and LH. If there is no pregnancy, the level of progesterone and oestrogen reduces and the endometrium is broken down, i.e. the menstrual discharge. After menstruation starts, the FSH and LH levels increase to start the new cycle.

Note:There are four major events that make up a normal menstrual cycle: follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase, and menstruation. These events are marked by changes in hormone levels, follicular development, and endometrial status.