Question

How do you explain the five states of matter?

Answer 1

Hint: There are five states of matter which are solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate. Matter comprises various small particles which we cannot see with naked eyes. These tiny particles make up any matter. There are various different forms of matter present in nature which differ in their properties.

Complete answer:

States of matter are the categories in which the matter is divided on the basis of their physical properties which they represent. We can divide them into five states of matter which are solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate.

1) Properties of solid are- the particles are closely packed

 $-$ They have fixed shape and volume

 $-$ They have maximum force of attraction between particles

 $-$ Particles can only vibrate in their place and not move due to high attraction.

  $-$ Examples $-$ wood, marbles,salt

2) Properties of liquid are- the particles are not as tightly packed as solids

 $-$ They have the tendency to take up the shape of the container they are in

 $-$ They have fixed volume but not fixed shape

 $-$ Force of attraction between the particles is less strong than solids

 $-$ Examples $-$ water, milk, coffee

3) Properties of gas are- the particles are the farthest apart from one another in this case

 $-$ The force of attraction is least in this case and thus the particles are able to move around freely

 $-$ They don’t have fixed volume neither do they have fixed shape

 $-$ They are highly compressible as compared to solids and liquids

 $-$ Examples  $-$  air, nitrogen, oxygen

Plasma is not generally seen as a form of matter as it is made up of particles with extremely high kinetic energy. It is when the noble gases lose their electrons, they become highly energized and thus are called plasma. Stars and the sun are known to be covered in plasma as gases such as hydrogen and helium move around the sun. Stars are known to be the superheated forms of plasma.

Bose-Einstein condensates are made with advanced technology, found in  $1995$ , by scientist Carl Weiman and Eric Cornell who cooled samples of rubidium within a few degrees of absolute zero by the magnets and laser usage.

Note: 

It has been found that when the light passes Bose-Einstein condensate, it slows down thus helping the scientists to study more about the light and its nature as it is a wave and particle. Matter cannot be created nor be destroyed but only converted.