Question

Explain Bohr effect?

Answer 1

Hint: In Bohr Effect carbon dioxide and ($\mathop H\nolimits^ + $) shows influence on the affinity of haemoglobin determined by Bohr Effect. These effects are result by binding of ligands at varied spots of haemoglobin. Shape of Hb changes because of the Haldane and Bohr Effect which causes uptake of $\mathop O\nolimits_2 $ in lungs and release of $\mathop O\nolimits_2 $ at the tissues.

Complete answer:
This effect is related to the haemoglobin and is inversely related with acidity Bohr effect is said to be a physiological phenomenon. It is basically defined as the shift in the dissociation curve caused by the concentration of $\mathop {CO}\nolimits_2 $ (Carbon dioxide). It plays a role in increasing the efficiency of oxygen transportation from the blood.
After haemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs because of the high oxygen concentrations, the Bohr effect facilitates its release in the tissues, particularly those tissues that are in the most requirement of oxygen. When the metabolic rate of tissue increases, and also then does its carbon dioxide from bicarbonate and protons through the reaction. This reaction begins very slowly but due the enzyme i.e. carbonic anhydrase it increases the speed of reaction suddenly. This adversely leads to a decrease in the pH level of the blood. This effect enables the body to take to changing conditions and makes it happen to supply oxygen to the tissue that needs it.

If muscle cells will not take enough oxygen for the cellular respiration, then it will resort to fermentation of the lactic acid, which is then synthesised as a by-product.

This leads in increasing acidity of the blood. It affects hinges surrounding the allosteric interactions between the hemes of the haemoglobin tetramer.
Haemoglobin occurs in 2 form R state and T state. When the oxygen concentration levels are high the lungs of the R state are favoured, making it happen the maximum amount of the oxygen to be bound to the hemes.

Note: 1)It was first described in 1904 by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr.
2)The mechanism of Bohr effect was first given by Max Perutz in 1970.