Question

Exophthalmic goiter is caused due to hypersecretion of
A. Adrenal gland
B. Thyroid gland
C. Parathyroid gland
D. Thymus gland

Answer 1

Hint: Exophthalmic goiter is a disease in which enlargement of thyroid gland occurs, increase in basal metabolic rate, protrusion of the eyeballs and weight loss appears. Exophthalmic goiter is also known as Graves disease or toxic diffuse goiter.

Complete answer:
Exophthalmic goiter is an endocrine disorder that causes excess thyroid hormone action in tissue which is termed as thyrotoxicosis and also results in hyperthyroidism which means excess secretion of thyroid hormone or hypersecretion of thyroxine. The thyroid gland becomes larger than its normal size and also causes exophthalmos which result in protrusion of eyes that result in double vision and sometimes loss of vision. Exophthalmic goiter is an autoimmune disease of the body as antibodies are produced by our body. It occurs in young to middle age humans.
Calcitonin hormone is also secreted by thyroid gland when there is an increase in blood calcium level in the body. Calcitonin hormone temporarily reduces the activity and the number of osteoclasts which helps our body to control the blood calcium level. Hypersecretion of thyrocalcitonin causes calcium tetany disease. The reduction in secretion of calcitonin hormone in the thyroid gland causes high blood calcium level in the body and uncontrolled muscle movements. Hypersecretion of thyroxine causes weight gain, hair loss, lowered body temperature, puffed skin and decrease in pulse rate of the body. This disease is known as Myxedema.

So, the correct answer is option B (Thyroid gland).

Note: As we know that there is no treatment for the Exophthalmic goiter till now. Radioactive iodine, antithyroid is used to treat the exophthalmic goiter and in the critical cases, thyroid is removed by surgery.