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Excretion of bile pigments in the urine indicates
А. Anaemia
B. Diabetes
C. Rickets
D. Jaundice

seo-qna
Last updated date: 27th Mar 2024
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MVSAT 2024
Answer
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Hint: The bile released into the duodenum contains bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin), bile salts (sodium bicarbonate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate), cholesterol and phospholipids. Bile has no enzyme.

Complete answer:
Bile helps in emulsification of fats, ie., breaking down of the fats into very small micelles (a combination of fatty acids, monoacylglycerols and bile salts). Bile also activates lipases.
When bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin, get increases in blood they start secreting in urine. Due to which yellowness in skin and eyes is affected. The liver is also affected.

Now let us match these symptoms with the symptoms in the diseases given below:-
> Anaemia :- this is the condition in which the body has a lack of blood. Symptoms include fatigue, loss of energy and shortness of breathing. These do not match with the above symptoms. Hence this option is incorrect.

> Diabetes :- when blood sugar level increases due to less secretion of insulin this disease occurs and not due to secretion of bile in urine. Thus this option is not correct.

> Rickets:- due to deficiency of vitamin D this disease occurs. Softening and weakening of bones occurs in this and not yellowness of eyes and skin. Thus this option is not correct.

> Jaundice :- in this disease liver gets affected and yellowness of eyes and skin occur. Thus this option is correct.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Note: Liver secretes bile which is stored in gallbladder. Bile salts are meant for emulsification of fats. Bile pigments provide colouration to faecal matter and urine. The bile pigments are bilirubin and biliverdin. The breakdown colour of bile that is stercobilin is responsible for the brown colour of faecal matter. Bile helps in the digestion of food.