Question

Eukaryotic, achlorophyllous, and heterotrophic organisms are grouped under which of the following kingdoms?
(a)Monera
(b)Protista
(c)Fungi
(d)Plantae

Answer 1

Hint: Organisms of this kingdom have membrane-bounded organelles, do not have chlorophyll due to which they are unable to perform photosynthesis, and do not produce its own food).

Complete answer:
Eukaryotic, achlorophyllous, and heterotrophic organisms are grouped kingdom fungi. One major feature that separates kingdom fungi from Protists, Plantae, Animalia, and Monera in the presence of chitin in the cell walls.
-Fungi obtain their food by absorbing dissolved nutrients, usually by producing digestive enzymes that they release into their environment.

Additional information:
-The mode of reproduction in fungi is by the means of spore formation. They also store their excess nutrients in the form of starch.
Monera: A kingdom in the biological classification where unicellular, prokaryotic cellular organisms (such as bacteria) are included. Cell organelles of these organisms are not bounded by the cell membrane.
Protista: Organisms in this kingdom are eukaryotic organisms that are not included in animal, plant, or fungi kingdom. Since they are closely related to animals, plants, and fungi, they are believed to be the common ancestor to all eukaryotic organisms. The study about Protista is known as protistology.
Plantae: In kingdom Plantae organisms which are multicellular, largely photosynthetic eukaryotes are included. In the two kingdom classification plants were considered as one of two kingdoms which included algae and fungi.

So, the correct answer is ‘Fungi’.

Note:
-Even though the classification of organisms was done by historians such as Aristotle, the five-kingdom classification was proposed in 1969 by R.H. Whittaker.
-Fungi are economically important and they are applied in various industries such as baking, alcohol industries, etc.
-Some common examples of such industrially important fungi are mushrooms which are cultivated as a food crop and yeast which is used for fermentation in bread making and alcohol making.