Question

How is entropy related to the spontaneity of a reaction?

Answer 1

Hint: 1)The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of the universe consistently increments for an spontaneous process: $$\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_{universe}=\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_{system}+\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_{surrounding}>0$$
2)A consistent temperature and pressure, the adjustment in Gibbs free energy is defined as
 $$\mathrm{\Delta }G=\mathrm{\Delta }H-T\mathrm{\Delta }S$$
3)The spontaneity of a process can rely upon the temperature

Complete step by step answer:
Entropy (S) is a proportion of the disorder in a system.
In a closed system, entropy consistently increases after some time. In an open system, energy can be added to a system to cause a lessening in entropy, however this isn't really a spontaneous reaction.
In the event that entropy (disorder) increases, and the reaction enthalpy is exothermic ($$\mathrm{\Delta }H<0$$) or
pitifully endothermic ($$\mathrm{\Delta }H>0$$ and small), the reaction is for the most part spontaneous.
The Gibbs free energy condition is:
$$\mathrm{\Delta }G=\mathrm{\Delta }H-T\mathrm{\Delta }S$$
A reaction will be spontaneous if the adjustment in G, $$\mathrm{\Delta }G$$ , is negative.
For the result of temperature times $$\mathrm{\Delta }S$$ , where$$\mathrm{\Delta }S$$ is the change in entropy, if the change in entropy is positive (disorder increases), then $$T\delta S$$, when subtracted, gets negative.
Since the cosmos (discernible universe) is basically a closed system, entropy will keep on expanding until the universe basically stops to exist.

Note: When $$\mathrm{\Delta }G<0$$ , the process is exergonic and will continue spontaneously the forward direction to form more products.
When $$\mathrm{\Delta }G>0$$ , the process is endergonic and not spontaneous in the forward direction. All things being equal, it will continue spontaneously in the opposite direction to make more beginning materials.
When $$\mathrm{\Delta }G=0$$ , the system is in equilibrium and the concentrations of the products and reactants will stay consistent.