Question

How is emasculation carried out in flowers?

Answer 1

Hint: The purpose of emasculation is to prevent self-fertilization, which is essential in bisexual plant. Male flowers are removed in monoecious plants. Before dehiscence it is performed for the prevention of contamination of stigma by undesired pollen. It also ensures the cross-pollination with desired pollen.

Complete answer:
Emasculation is the removal of anthers or stamens or killing pollen of flowers without harming the female reproductive part.
The process of emasculation in flowers:
Well-developed but closed flower is chosen for the process. Sepals are removed and petals are exposed. Then, petals and anthers are removed. Older flower beds are removed to prevent the interaction with the emasculated flower. Pollen is collected from mature flowers of the male parent. The collected pollen is applied to the emasculated flower using a dissecting needle. The flower should be tagged or marked with colors for easy identification. The pollen can be used for extended time by storing at \[80^\circ C\]. When need arises, they are thawed before usage in the process. Forceps can be used as a tool in the process.

Note:
If bisexual flowers are present in female parent, then the anthers are removed from the bud of flower with forceps. Emasculation aids in cross breeding to take place. Thus, it helps in self-fertilization of plants. In addition, it helps in controlled pollination and breeding. If unisexual flowers are produced from female parent, there is no need for emasculation. Through cross-pollination, the process helps to develop the desired variety of plants. It helps to bring variation in the plant.