Question

How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?

Answer 1

Hint: All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. Atoms of the same element consist of the same atomic number that is number of protons or electrons and different mass number that is number of neutrons. This variation or change in the number of neutrons in an atom gives rise to different isotopes of an element. An element with different isotopes occurs in nature.

Complete step by step answer:
The atoms of a chemical element can exist in different types. These are called isotopes, having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Different isotopes of the same element have different masses. Because different isotopes have different numbers of neutrons they do not weigh the same or have the same mass. Different isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number.They have the same number of protons.
So we conclude from above that two atoms of an element are alike because in an atom of a given element its atomic number remains the same. However it may have different isotopes, so the mass number depending on the number of neutrons in the nucleus may vary but the atomic number that is the number of protons remains the same for a given element. The word isotope, meaning the same place, comes from the fact that isotopes are at the same place on the periodic table making atomic numbers constant.

Additional Information:
Atomic nuclei are protons and neutrons held together by the nuclear force. Because protons are positively charged they repel each other and neutrons are neutral, stabilizing the nucleus. As the number of protons increases so does the number of neutrons needed to have a stable nucleus. Some isotopes are radioactive. These are called radioactive isotopes. Others are radioactive and are called stable isotopes.
The heaviest elements in the periodic table are all radioactive. All the isotopes of radon, thorium and uranium are radioactive since they are very heavy. This is because nuclear forces inside the nucleus of the atom have a tough time holding together all the particles with so many protons and neutrons inside. Different types of atoms are called chemical elements and are organised on the periodic table. Atoms are made up of three kinds of smaller particles called protons, neutrons and electrons. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons. Atoms move faster when they are in gas form than they do in liquid form and solid matter. When there are too many neutrons or protons, the atom tries to make the number the same by getting extra particles.

Note: Heavier isotopes react chemically slower than lighter isotope of the same element. For heavier elements, the relative atomic weight ratio between isotopes is much less and the mass effect is usually small. Isotopes are almost the same chemically but different physically to their original atoms. Because the chemical behaviour of an atom is largely determined by its electronic structure different isotopes exhibit nearly identical chemical behaviour.