Question

How does pressure affect phases of matter and intermolecular forces?

Answer 1

Hint: The pressure is the physical quantity which on applying on the states of matter: solid, liquid and gases changes their state as they affect the intermolecular forces present between the molecules.

Complete step by step answer:
As we know that there are three phases of matter: Solids, liquid and gases. The state of a matter depends on the balance between the kinetic energy of the individual particles like molecules or atoms and the intermolecular forces. The kinetic energy present in the molecule keeps the molecules apart from each other and due to kinetic energy the particles move around each other, and is a function of the temperature of the substance. The intermolecular forces are defined as the attractive forces that help to draw the particles together.
Properties of gases are shown below.
(1) In gases the molecules are separated from each other.
(2) In gases, the kinetic energy of the molecule is greater than the attractive forces between the molecules.
(3) When attractive force is not present between the molecules, it allows the gas to expand to fill its container.
Properties of liquid are shown below.
(1) In liquid the intermolecular attractive forces are very strong to hold molecules close together.
(2) Liquids are denser and less compressible than glasses
(3) Liquids have a definite volume, independent of the size and shape of their container
Properties of solid shown below.
(1) In solids, the intermolecular forces between the molecules are strong to keep the molecules locked in their position.
(2) Solids are not compressible.
(3) Solids are rigid.
The pressure affects the intermolecular forces between the molecules. When the pressure is increased the molecules come closer to each other which as a result increases the strength of the intermolecular forces.
Increasing the pressure on a gas, changes the state to a liquid.
Increasing the pressure on a liquid, changes the state to a solid.

Note: The covalent bonds present between the atom helps to determine the molecular shape, bond energy and the chemical properties of the states of matter whereas the intermolecular forces which are the non-covalent bond determines the physical properties of the liquids and solids.