Question

What does “membrane-bound” organelle or “non membrane-bound” organelle mean?

Answer 1

Hint: The eukaryotic cells consist of cell organelles that are well-organized and are membrane-bound. Some organelles consist of the outer membrane that may be either single or double membraned while in some it may be absent.

Complete answer:

Membrane-bound organelle	Non membrane-bound organelle
They include cell organelles that are enclosed by an outer covering called a membrane.	They include cell organelles that are not enclosed by an outer covering called a membrane.
They control the substances that enter or leave the cell.	They do not control the substances that enter or leave the cell.
The membrane is a phospholipid and selectively permeable in nature.	They do not need a membrane to control their internal structure.
The inner structure may be filled with fluid.	The inner structure is solid and does not contain fluid.
Example: Nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, peroxisome, lysosome, etc.	Example: Ribosomes, centrioles, cytoskeleton, cell wall, etc.

Additional information:
-The mitochondria and the chloroplast are the double membrane-bound organelles and are filled by fluid in the intermembrane space. These cell organelles have their own DNA, RNA, ribosomes, and certain enzymes.
-Golgi complex is a fluid-filled membranous cell organelle found in between the surface of the cell and nucleus. It helps in the packaging and transportation of various substances via vesicles and helps in the formation of lysosomes.
-Lysosomes are cell organelles that are membrane-bound and carry hydrolyzing enzymes that help in the digestion of various substances inside the cell.
-Peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cell organelle that helps in the oxidation of amino acids and uric acids. It is associated with the various cell organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts.
-Vacuoles have a single membrane that surrounds them, called tonoplast. It helps in the maintenance of the osmotic water balance in the cell.
-The nucleus is a double membrane cell organelle that consists of an outer membrane and an inner membrane which together constitutes a nuclear envelope. It carries genetic material.

Note:
Centriole is a cylindrical organelle that is composed mainly of a protein which is known as tubulin. During the process of cell division, they help in the formation of cilia and flagella. The cytoskeleton is a complex protein present in the cytoplasm of all cells. It extends the cell membrane from the cell nucleus. The ribosomes act as the site for protein synthesis.