Question

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 1

Hint: This is the only process that occurs in both the respiration i.e., aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis is defined as the process of partial oxidation of glucose to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. The other name for this cycle is Embden-meyerhof pathway.

Complete answer:
It is a common step of both types of respiration. Glycolysis means splitting up of sugar. This scheme of glycolysis is given by Gustav Embden, Otto and J. Parnas, and is often referred to as the EMP pathway. In Anaerobic organisms, this is the only process in respiration. Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm of cells and is present in all living organisms. Glycolysis is defined as the process of partial oxidation of glucose to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. Glycolysis does not require oxygen. In plants the glucose is derived from sucrose, which is the end product of photosynthesis, or from stored carbohydrates. Sucrose is converted into glucose and fructose by the enzyme, invertase, and these two monosaccharides readily enter the glycolytic pathway. In animals, the starch is digested into glucose and that is used in the glycolysis.
The first half of this pathway activates glucose (glucose activation phase). The second half extracts the energy (energy extraction phase) Each molecule of glucose produces two molecules of pyruvic acid after partial oxidation, at the end of the glycolysis. The net gain of the ATP in the process is 2ATP molecules. During the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate into 1, 3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. One molecule of
NADH + $$H^{+}$$ is formed.
During aerobic respiration each $$NAD{H}_2$$ form 3ATP and a $$O_2$$ molecule through electron transportation in mitochondria. In this process half $$O_2$$ molecules are utilized for the synthesis of each water molecule.

Note:
Pyruvic acid is the key product of glycolysis. The fate of pyruvic acid depends upon the cellular needs. There are three major ways in which different cells handle pyruvic acid. These are lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic and Aerobic fermentation.